Did U.S. energy sanctions hurt Russia?

New data suggests that President Donald Trump’s October 22 sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil did immediate damage, but the Russian energy giants have already recovered. Bloomberg’s “Oil Tracker” feature shows Russia is now exporting as much or more oil than it was before October 22. Goldman Sachs estimates that Russian exports via Rosneft and Lukoil have fallen by 1.1 million barrels per day, but exports by non-sanctioned companies have risen by roughly the same amount. Meanwhile, Russia’s war economy—and its war machine—grind on.